This paper suggests ADM as a way of continuously reevaluating the risks and providing more adaptive and flexible management actions to enhance infrastructure resilience under dynamic changes and evolving conditions.
This implies that more flexible and adaptive management systems that allow learning from monitoring data to revisit objectives and assumptions, resolve uncertainties in knowledge, and set more locally relevant but variable endpoint targets, will need to be developed and applied if we are to successfully accomplish the goal of parasite eradication [7], [35], [36].
Hindsight studies, such as this one, may inform the development of robust design strategies and assist in the transition to more explicit forms of adaptive management for urban infrastructures.
The standardized 6-session program focused on coping, function and cognitions and the application of learning principles to allow the individual to utilize more adaptive methods of pain management and active coping [ 22].
The scope of WGII has expanded from the 7 chapters in the first assessment report in 1990 to the 30 chapters planned for AR5, covering populations inhabiting vulnerable regions and vulnerable human systems alongside more theoretical examinations of adaptive management, ethics, and decision making (see supplementary data).
This supports the widespread plea of adaptive management for more flexibility in the management of complex systems (Brunner 1994).
Insights arising from Complex Adaptive Systems theory advocate the need for more adaptive perspectives on natural resources management.
Current conservation practice recommendations could be improved by incorporating more direct linkages to the ecologically based technical literature, more up-to-date information on adaptive management strategies in highly variable rangeland systems, and integration of monitoring strategies designed to directly test the efficacy of specific conservation practices.
The use of ToC models, plus the addition of ET, is a way to encourage individual and organizational learning and adaptive management that supports more reflective and responsive programming.
