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Enhanced level of SOD activity may be attributed to the production of more active oxygen species (AOS) or over expression of genes encoding SOD.
Both for Cu0.05Ce0.95-CA and Cu0.05Ce0.95-CP after TPO in the presence of various concentrations of SO2, more Ce4+/Ce3+ redox couples, and more active oxygen species, detected by XPS technique and FTIR, respond to the better activity.
When the maize seedlings are under the high concentrations of copper stress, the injured degree aggravates, the body produces more active oxygen and the seedlings make positive protection.
To create more active oxygen species in favor of NO oxidation, ceria-modified monolithic Pt-based diesel oxidation catalyst was prepared by the step-impregnation method to improve its NO catalytic performance.
This phenomenon is ascribed to a high concentration of Mn3+ which could originate a weak Mn–O bond and the formation of more active oxygen species which would improve the catalytic performance.
Especially, it is found that more active oxygen and oxygen vacancies over the catalyst played a significant role in strengthening the interaction of NO molecule with catalyst surface, resulting in the formation and transformation of more bridging/chelating nitrates confirmed by in situ FTIR studies.
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The oxidation of semiconductors under the above-band irradiation occurs according to the electron-active photooxidation model which suggests the dissociation of molecular oxygen into more active atomic oxygen under the influence of excited charge carriers of QDs [16, 17].
Under an anodic bias of 200 mV, RP decreases to 0.03 Ω cm2 ; however, under cathodic bias of 200 mV, RP increases to 0.18 Ω cm2, indicating that SBCCF is more active towards oxygen evolution reaction than oxygen reduction reaction.
The improved electrochemical properties of Co-doped Sr0.8Ce0.2MnO3−δ can be ascribed to the formation of more oxygen vacancies and more active sites for oxygen reduction reaction.
The A-site cation excess in BSCF(1 + x) resulted in a lattice expansion and the creation of more active sites for oxygen reduction reaction due to the lowered valence states of the B-site ions and the increased oxygen vacancy concentration, which improved the oxygen adsorption process.
Furthermore, this study demonstrates that, on a unit surface area basis, the ceria zirconia support is at least two times more active for the oxygen release reaction than the pure ceria support when the materials are slightly reduced.
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