Second, because life expectancy is also a function of co-morbidity, performance states, and recurrence [ 23], the current estimates provide only a crude estimation of the average EYLL.
There was a highly significant difference in outcome between those who did not receive surgery due to characteristics relating to the patients, for example, co-morbidity, performance status, patient choice, etc, compared with factors relating to their disease, for example, invasion of mediastinal organs, extensive lymphadenopathy, etc., (P<0.001, Figure 4 ).
All patients' records, irrespective of their co-morbidities, performance status, stage and treatment modalities, were included.
The other variables, including current tobacco use, biologic therapy, disease duration, number of medical co-morbidities, performance of back exercises and radiographic damage scores did not reach statistical significance in the hierarchal model.
Future studies with a larger cohort may stratify them into sub-cohorts based on more clinical data on co-morbidities, performance states, and recurrence, to improve the accuracy of the predictions.
This study describes the results of a Morbidity and Performance Assessment (MAP) conducted to provide insight into the medical factors contributing to maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality in a rural district of northern India, and to use these insights to develop a locally appropriate, community-based safe motherhood program The MAP study was based on verbal autopsy method.
We used an array of 85 health-related deficits covering major health dimensions including depression, cognition, morbidity, physical performance, and disability to construct several deficit indices (DIs) with overlapping and complementary sets of deficits to test robustness of the estimates.
While the primary aim of therapy for mCRPC is to extend survival, tumour-related pain is associated with increased morbidity, reduced performance status and psychological deterioration [ 6, 7].
In addition, studies that report a positive association between bovine lacteal or serum based CR products and adequate transfer of immunity in calves rarely include an assessment of preweaning morbidity and performance [ 19- 21].
Patients deemed unsuitable for surgery due to co-morbidity and/or performance status, extensive loco-regional disease, or personal choice received dCRT.
The disease is often difficult to diagnose and treat due to co-morbidities and performance status, and patients tend to discontinue chemotherapy prematurely.
