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And, although some people are inclined to anthropomorphize computers and treat them as moral agents (Reeves and Nass 1996), most philosophers agree that current computer technologies should not be called moral agents, if that would mean that they could be held morally responsibility.
Moreover, while groups of persons might not be good candidates for morally responsibility for past injustices, particular kinds of collective entities e.g., states, corporations, and organized religions might be.
Ascribing morally responsibility establishes a link between a person or a group of people (the subject) and someone or something (the object) that is affected by the actions of the subject.
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Some incompatibilists (e.g., van Inwagen 1983: 204 13) hold that we nevertheless have good reason to believe that we have an undetermined free will, since we have good reason to believe that we are morally responsible, that moral responsibility requires free will, and that free will requires indeterminism.
If only my noumenal self is free, and freedom is required for moral responsibility, then my phenomenal self is not morally responsible.
Critics of compatibilism say that such cases satisfy compatibilist criteria for moral responsibility, and yet, intuitively, the actors are not morally responsible (Pereboom 2001).
The second is that groups, as distinct from their individual members, cannot be understood as morally blameworthy in the sense required by moral responsibility.
Watson sought to elaborate upon it by thinking of our moral responsibility practices, and in particular the morally reactive attitudes, along the lines of a communication-based theory in which a morally responsible agent's competence turns in some way upon being a potential interlocutor to moral conversations between her and the moral community in which she operates.
But even if we assume that HESC researchers cannot avoid the taint of metaphysical guilt, it is not clear that researchers who bear no moral responsibility for the destruction of embryos are morally obligated not to use HESCs.
Moral responsibility, problem of, the problem of reconciling the belief that people are morally responsible for what they do with the apparent fact that humans do not have free will because their actions are causally determined.
For Fischer and Ravizza, the historical constraint on moral responsibility comes as a component of the freedom or control condition for morally responsible agency.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com