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The crucial thought is that there are various bases of moral responsiveness, and these bases are irreducibly plural.
This leaves the question of justice suspended between the moral responsiveness coming out of the face-to-face encounter, and the conflict of ontological forces.
As is already evident in these sentiments at the very start of the Amânât, and as becomes clearer throughout the course of the text, for Saadya there is always an immediate correlation between the ability to think (or reason) on the one hand, and, on the other hand, both (a) a receptivity to divine giving, coupled with (b) an obligation of moral responsiveness in the face of the Other.
This moral responsiveness is found in the story of Cain and Abel where God says to Cain that "your brother's blood cries out to Me from the ground!" (See also Leviticus 18 28 where the land will "spew" the people out for acts of immorality).
Similar(56)
Unlike Wolf, Fischer and Ravizza do not think that reasons responsiveness suffices for moral responsibility.
This view allows Fischer to couple reasons-responsiveness with guidance control as the freedom-relevant condition for moral responsibility.
Intelligent revision of norms therefore requires practices of moral inquiry that stress mutual responsiveness to others' claims, and social inclusion of all members of society.
Although they did not repudiate the rational calculation of consequences in evaluating actions, they saw empathy and emotional responsiveness as vital to moral judgment.
We naturally flinch from (inflicting) the former more than from (allowing) the latter, and I say "naturally" because, as with cases involving perceptual or temporal immediacy, this is not a matter of being guided by moral principles or strictures, but of responsiveness to non-moral situational differences.
The intellectual attributes are in the domains of autonomy, awareness, conscientiousness, responsiveness and vigilance; the moral attributes constitute domains of conscientiousness and vigilance.
56 If a similar process unfolds as subjects ponder moral dilemmas, then enhancing serotonin function could boost subjects' responsiveness to the aversive Pavlovian cues present in the descriptions of the dilemmas, making them more averse to the suggested harmful action and more likely to disapprove of it.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com