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Posttraumatic stress reactions in the preceding month were measured using the University of California at Los Angeles PTSD Reaction Index (UCLA PTSD-RI) [ 16].
Mean LBP intensities (current; past week; past month) were measured using an 11 point numerical rating scale (NRS) of 0 to 10, with the left anchor 0 = no pain and the right anchor at 10 = maximal imaginable pain [ 32].
Intentions about the next month were measured using the stems "...do you intend to recommend to all motivated smokers... .......... and "...how likely is it that you will recommend to all motivated smokers... .......... with regards to the central services (Cronbach's α =.917) and the local services (Cronbach's α =.927).
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Adherence measurement: Self reported adherence for the last one month was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS), which has been validated as a simple and useful measure of self-reported adherence [ 11, 12].
The key independent variable, birth month, is measured as 11 dummy variables for each birth month from February to December in Model 1.1 and as a single dummy variable for birth months after the cutoff date (or in September–December) in Model 1.2.
Musculoskeletal wellbeing during the previous month was measured using seven items on a five-point scale ranging from 1 = 'every day' to 5 = 'very seldom or never' experiencing pain.
From the lake, the observed temperature profiles on 1 and 22 August were measured with the YSI-6600V2 sonde.
Toward this goal, ignition delay times for DEC were measured at conditions relevant to internal combustion engines using a rapid compression machine (RCM) and a shock tube.
The B-cell frequency was determined by flow cytometry, and serum levels of BAFF and APRIL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
To investigate seasonal effects in plasma 5-HIAA levels, plasma obtained in four seasons, spring (March-May), summer (June-August), fall (September-November), and winter (December-February), were measured.
Serum levels of BAFF were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA), and serum levels of APRIL were measured by an ELISA kit from Bender MedSystems GmbH (Vienna, Austria).
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