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The unexposed cohort was matched with the exposed patients for sex, age, year of index, and month of index.
Current smoker was defined as a person smoking cigarettes, a water pipe, a cigar or chewing tobacco within 1 month of index admission.
It was considered of particular interest to compare outcome after cholecystectomy during index stay with cholecystectomy after index discharge but still within one month of index admission.
In the present study, patients in groups 3 and 4 (patients who had endoscopic sphincterotomy but no cholecystectomy and patients without both sphincterotomy and cholecystectomy within one month of index admission) were older than group 1 patients who had cholecystectomy within one month of index admission.
We randomly selected 169,983 control subjects (4 for every herpes zoster patient), matched with the study group in terms of age, sex, and the year and month of index visit.
After matching with age and sex, the month of index visit of the matched cases was assigned the same as the index visit of study group, and follow-up started 6 months after the index visit.
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For prescription NSAIDs, the participant was classified as current user, prescription within 1 month of the index date; past user, prescription that ended before the month preceding the index date; or never user.
We defined yearly follow-up (and exposure averages) using a 12-month period starting the month of their index admission.
Concomitant medication use was defined as having an active prescription within 1 month of the index date of ACEI prescription through the time of discontinuation.
Our study population had elevated MRU and costs in the month of the index event, but consistent per-month MRU and costs were observed for up to 3 years thereafter.
95.98% of the IBT treated subjects were matched at a ratio of 1 4 with the non-treated cohort in terms of age, sex and the year and month of the index visit.
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