In spite of its relatively small area, Panama has a great variety of landscapes and habitats: tropical rainforests, savannas, cool montane forests, tidal lands covered by stilted mangrove trees, coral reefs, and beaches.
The aim of this study was to investigate soil characteristics and the C/N ratio and to estimate the effects of land-use type on the distribution of SOC stocks in adjacent lands in the montane area of central Taiwan.
Improved soil information in tropical montane regions is critical for conservation, sustainable agricultural management, and land use planning, but is often challenged by topographic and land-use heterogeneity.
These highly protected regions were generally those that receive low levels of land degradation pressure, such as montane grasslands and shrublands.
Most of the rest of the land is designated as subalpine or montane landscape and lies in the Front Ranges.
Montane forests are highly endangered due to logging, land-use and climate change.
However, mapping ACD has proven challenging, particularly in spatially complex regions harboring a mosaic of land use activities, or in remote montane areas that are difficult to access and poorly understood ecologically.
Climatic variation in this region leads to desert sage-shrub lands, temperate grasslands, and at higher elevations, montane coniferous forests.
Montane grassland and shrubland were omitted because the total land cover of this habitat was negligible.
Second, unlike the amphibians that spend much of the time in streams or ponds, such as Q. boulengeri (dwells in cold montane streams) [ 7], adult Omei tree frogs typically live on land.
