The populations of study occur in two contrasting geographic regions in NE Spain including coastal low-elevation and montane high-elevation sites.
Extending more than 4700 km from north to south, Chile has a wide range of climatic conditions: more than 12 major eco-regions that include deserts, montane forests, high-altitude grasslands, and temperate rainforests among others.
Costa Rica has some of the best high montane rainforest.
The continent fostered an astounding cultural diversity in every available eco-niche, from coast to deserts and from riverine lowlands to high montane grasslands.
We addressed this hypothesis in a west Asian multi-predator montane landscape with high density of both wild ungulates and livestock harboring two large predators, Persian leopard and grey wolf.
However, in high montane, western landscapes where climate falls in between these two extremes, the role of aeolian clay inputs vs. in-situ weathering contributing to clay formation is of debate.
Despite potential toxicity, many lichenized fungi survive and grow in metalliferous habitats, including high montane or polar species, but which also apparently occur in lowland situations where they are restricted to particular mineralogical/geochemical environments (Purvis and Halls, 1996; Bačkor and Bodnárova, 2002; Paukov, 20092009; Bielczyk, 2012).
The remaining species are found in montane forests at high elevations or in wet often very wet lowland forests, including areas receiving as much as 9000 mm of annual precipitation.
At Andringitra, the animal was recorded in high montane forest together with six other nesomyines Brachyuromys ramirohitra, Eliurus minor, Eliurus tanala, Eliurus webbi, Gymnuromys roberti, and Nesomys rufus as well as the black rat.
At the same time, the species was extirpated from Puerto Rico's smaller islands Culebra, Vieques and Mona and became restricted to five locations: two in karst-limestone areas, two in high montane rainforests and one in mangrove forest at the foot of the El Yunque National Forest.
