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To achieve this mercantilist goal, derived from, among other sources, the ideas of Richelieu, Colbert was willing to invoke a variety of improvisations: direct subsidies, exemptions from the taille, monopoly grants, and controls exercised through town guilds.
The former, like steamship pioneer Robert Fulton and railroad mogul Henry Villard, relied on monopoly grants, subsidies, and privileged loans.
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Current practice rewards innovative companies with patents, a temporary monopoly granting sole production rights to the innovator, he notes.
In 1723 there was uproar in Ireland over the monopoly granted to the English entrepreneur William Wood to mint a debased Irish coinage, derisorily termed "Wood's halfpence".
Since Fulton had a monopoly grant of navigation rights on the Hudson, Stevens sent the Phoenix to Philadelphia by sea, the first time a steamship ever navigated ocean waters.
Christie's, its main competitor, will follow suit next week, but it was stubborn campaigning by Sotheby's that broke the monopoly granted to French auctioneers by Henri II in 1556.
Kerzner International holds an exclusive gambling monopoly granted by the government that will last until 2027.
Here's a legal monopoly, granted by the government, in favor of anyone who can outthink and outmaneuver his competitors.
Claims set out which parts of the inventor's idea should be protected by law, and describe in words the monopoly granted by the patent.
VW's Santana, Jetta, Golf and Audi brands accounted for 58% of the cars sold in China last year, thanks to a near monopoly granted by a government slow to approve the ventures of its competitors.
East Indiamen operated under charter or licence to the Honourable East India Company, which held a monopoly granted by Queen Elizabeth I of England for all English trade between the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com