The two men began in 1812 the operation of a regular steamboat service between New Orleans and Natchez, Miss., under a monopoly contract with the territory of Orleans.
Another of the jailed bankers, Ricardo Fernández, obtained a monopoly contract to supply staple foods to Mercal, a state-owned chain of subsidised grocery stores.
The Rag Room is where Crane's grandson Winthrop Murray Crane learned the business; through his efforts Crane secured a monopoly contract to provide paper for the nation's currency, which it still holds today.
The growth of a huge shadow state, manned by private firms and built on monopoly contracts, has proceeded by increments.
Although the slave trade was controlled through the crown-issued monopoly contracts, in the late 16th century the English and Spanish began to wear away the Portuguese monopoly.
But the liberalisation of energy prices, and the resulting fall in electricity prices, put paid to profitability: to make money, nuclear generators needed long-term monopoly contracts or state support.
Whatever this move represents, it has nothing to do with capitalism: it's all about trading years-long monopoly contracts for a short-term fillip to the Treasury, with the hope that while extracting a profit, our roads' new owners will somehow improve and expand them (they might, but surely on terms akin to the eyewatering arrangements of PFI deals).
In both claims there lurks the same delusion: that what modern politics calls empowerment and personalisation can be delivered by either the corporate state and its monopoly contracts, or the Tesco model, whereby the choice between Tesco Extra, Tesco Express and Tesco Metro is all we need.
The market is inherently dependent on a system of controls in regards to five "building blocks," which Reich identifies as property, monopolies, contracts, bankruptcy, and enforcement.
The memorandum alleges that, while Ferguson's defense team portrayed him as an African-American businessman who advocated for other minority-owned businesses in the city, his monopoly on contracting work handicapped other black-owned contracting companies in the city -- and even put a few of them out of business.
Elon Musk and SpaceX came from nowhere to become a serious competitor to the United Launch Alliance, a joint venture between Boeing and Lockheed Martin that had enjoyed a near monopoly on contracts with the U.S. government for space missions.
