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Moreover, intake of high doses of α-tocopherol supplements has been associated with increased hemorrhagic stroke and mortality risk [ 47]. 5. Despite the multifactorial nature of dementia and the importance of combined risk exposures, most studies were based on a mono-intervention approach, almost always testing single agents or lifestyle interventions.
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Additionally, no single exposure is likely to hold the key to childhood asthma [i.e., mono-interventions are ineffective (Maas et al. 2009)], and new hypotheses about environmental exposures will evolve over the course of a cohort study.
Consequently 433 patients with a mono-segmental intervention were included in the current study.
In addition, the counselling by the occupational physician could possibly be prescribed as a mono-dimensional intervention, when this matches with the individual patient's need.
Clearly, bullet-based or mono-target drug intervention cannot effectively combat the complex pathologies of systemic diseases like cancers, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders [ 2], because those diseases are regulated by complex biological networks and depend on multiple steps of genetic and environmental challenges to progress [ 1 3].
Although the general practitioner, and if applicable the occupational physician, will be informed about the treatment and progress of the patient, the intervention is mono-disciplinary.
Every therapeutic intervention, either a mono- or multicomponent drug, results in changes of intra- and intercellular signalling events, and finally leads to pleiotropic effects that affect an organisms' homeostasis.
Over 40 years ago the concept of placing a wireline lubricator on the seabed and conducting wireline interventions from a small mono-hulled support vessel was conceived.
A recent Danish Health Technology Assessment found moderate evidence that a coordinated multidisciplinary intervention is more effective at a clinically relevant level than mono disciplinary interventions on reducing sickness absence due to long-term LBP[ 18].
The mono-arthritic SCW model allows us to concurrently assess pain and inflammation following drug intervention, facilitating the discovery of novel anti-rheumatic agents.
Multi-target intervention drugs have been proven effective and better to those complex diseases than the conventional mono-target drugs that are mostly marketed today.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com