The monkeys were maintained and handled in accordance with the guidelines published in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH, publication no. 86-23, revised 1987) and the guidelines of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences NIRSS).
The monkeys were maintained and handled in accordance with the recommendations of the US National Institutes of Health and also the guidelines of the Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics (Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan).
Anti-AIV HA antibody titers of the vaccinated monkeys were maintained for 3 months and increased gradually, reaching their highest plateau after the fifth immunization, which no any significant changes were observed between anti-HA antibody titers and the vaccine dose administered to the monkeys (Fig. 5).
The monkeys were maintained with a complete nutritionally balanced diet (Shanghai Shilin Biotechnology, Inc., Shanghai, China) and enriched with seasonal fruits and vegetables.
While Y and O monkeys were maintained on normal diet (TestDiet® #5038 Purina Mills, Richmond, IN), OCR animals were maintained on caloric restricted diet (TestDiet® #5L1F, Purina Mills, Richmond, IN) most of their lives (20.8-22.6 years).
Monkeys were maintained in a state of deep anaesthesia during surgery by monitoring pulse rate, blood oxygenation, body temperature and peripheral reflexes, consistent with United Kingdom Home Office regulations.
While the monkey was maintaining heading, we would randomly displace the target to a new direction, forcing the monkey to make rapid steering movements to continue obtaining reward.
CV-1 monkey fibroblast-derived cells were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum deprived of small lipophilic hormone by treating with resin and activated charcoal, at 37°C and 5% CO2.
African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) were maintained in minimum essential medium (M-199) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and 0.07% NaHCO3 at 37°C in a humidified 5%-CO2 atmosphere.
COS cells (monkey fibroblast) from A.T.C.C. were maintained using high-glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM; Mediatech) supplemented with 10% FBS, 50 units/ml of penicillin, 50 μg/ml of streptomycin and 2 mM of L-glutamine.
Human embryo kidney 293 (HEK293) and African green monkey kidney (COS7) cells were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (GIBCO BRL) with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 mg/ml streptomycin at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2.
