The final model included the fixed time (month and year indicator of personal monitoring, trimester at the time of monitoring), fixed spatial (living in city center), fixed behavior (hours of ETS exposure at home), and fixed interaction (December 2001, January 2002, and December and city center, respectively) terms, as well as the subject-specific random deviation from the population mean.
For addresses assigned to more than one monitoring station, the trimester exposure was estimated by distance weighting the pollutant data (1/R) to the station and then averaged over each trimester.
Plasma glucose, lipids, HOMA –IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) and AASI, as obtained from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in third trimester pregnancy and at three months postpartum, were measured in three groups of women: controls (N = 32), women with GDM on diet (N = 42) and women with GDM requiring insulin treatment (N = 10).
In high-income countries, beginning in the third trimester, cardiotocographic monitoring (electronic fetal monitoring) has largely replaced intermittent auscultation (periodic listening to the fetal heart rate using a stethoscope or handheld Doppler device) for monitoring fetal heart rate.
We decided to monitor the third trimester because it corresponds to the spurt in brain growth during fetal development and may be a window of vulnerability (Eriksson 1997; Slotkin 1999).
This implies that single 48-hr monitoring during the second trimester is not representative of exposure during the third trimester.
There was no evidence of an interaction between trimester of PAH monitoring, PAH monitoring season, or season of birth.
However, we found no effect modification by trimester of PAH monitoring, PAH monitoring season, or season of birth on any of our findings.
We also checked for effect modification by trimester of PAH monitoring, PAH monitoring season, or season of birth by including terms for the interaction between PAH and trimester of PAH monitoring, between PAH and PAH monitoring season, and between PAH and season of birth in separate models.
To determine whether evaluation and management of concomitant recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) factors, followed by close monitoring in the first trimester, improved subsequent live birth rate, in carriers of a structural chromosome rearrangement ascertained on the basis of RPL.
The inverse relationship between airborne PAH level and RCPM score remained after adjusting for trimester of monitoring (second or third).
