Even among 12th graders nationwide, the use of barbiturates and nonheroin narcotics like cough suppressants, anti-diarrhetics and painkillers has doubled since 1992, said Dr. Lloyd Johnston, the author of "Monitoring the Future," an annual report on adolescent drug use nationwide.
The leading survey of teenage use of drugs, known as Monitoring the Future and done by the University of Michigan, has found that the proportion of 12th graders who had used Ecstasy in the previous 12 months more than doubled to 8percentt in 2000, from 3.5percentt in 1998.
The survey, known as Monitoring the Future, and carried out by the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research, also found a drop in the use of Ecstasy, the club drug, after several recent years in which the drug had exploded in popularity among adolescents.
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5 Notably, according to the report of Monitoring the Future (MTF), 14% of non-medical prescription pain reliever users are dependent.
To assess life-time alcohol use and binge drinking, two questions will be used that are widely used in school surveys, including the ESPAD study [ 2], Monitoring the Future [ 42], and the national school surveys in the Netherlands [ 1, 43].
Monitoring the Future (MTF) is an annual, paper-and-pencil national survey of alcohol and other drug use with a sample comprising nearly 50,000 students in 8th, l0th, and 12th grades drawn from roughly 420 public and private schools.
Single items on alcohol and tobacco use were adapted from Monitoring the Future and CDC Youth Risk behavior survey, as used in the International Youth Development Study IYDSS) [ 74- 76].
Other Information on the Web: Monitoring the Future (//www.monitoringthefuture.org/) offers information about prescription drug abuse among young people.
Nationwide, the Monitoring the Future Study at the University of Michigan has tracked heroin use among high school and junior high students since 1975.
The long-running annual report, called the Monitoring the Future survey and financed by the National Institutes of Health, looked at more than 46,000 students nationwide.
