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Signaling responses can also be triggered by mitochondrial systems monitoring protein quality (e.g., [28]).
Aside from this stress "management" role, some chaperones are expressed constitutively under non-stressful conditions, acting as "protein vigilantes", monitoring protein quality [3].
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Molecular chaperones, the UPS, and the autophagy-lysosome system function to monitor protein quality and protect cells from dysfunctional, malfolded or denatured proteins.
Proteolysis is a complex process, which requires molecular chaperones, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy lysosome system (hereafter called 'autophagy') to monitor protein quality and protect cells from dysfunctional or misfolded proteins (unfolded protein response, UPR) (155).
Our results suggest that one of the physiological functions of parkin is to monitor the protein quality of its substrates through proteasomal degradation, while its mitophagic or autophagic role occurs under stress conditions such as protein aggregation or complete loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Sterky et al., 2011).
The molecular gatekeepers of the UPR are ER-resident transmembrane proteins that monitor the quality of protein folding in the ER and relay that information to the rest of the cell.
Protein quality control is an array of cellular mechanisms through which protein homeostasis is monitored and maintained.
In fact, the quality of egg protein is so high that scientists often use eggs as the standard for measuring the protein quality of other foods".
This newly discovered pathway is likely to play an important role in monitoring the quality of the proteins made in the cell.
Several teams are monitoring the quality independently.
"We're continuously monitoring water quality," Mr. Sheehan said.
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