This data emphasises the well documented need for improved infectious disease surveillance across the region, but more specifically it will be vital for monitoring the effects of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine as it is introduced into national immunisation programmes across SSA, and the monitoring of strategies to limit antimicrobial resistance to this important pathogen.
These studies allowed us to identify risk factors for carriage of NP flora bacterial species in children with AOM and to build a protocol for monitoring the impact of the introduction of PCV7 on this ecological niche [ 3, 12, 17- 20].
Estimates of baseline incidence of childhood intussusception could help safety monitoring after the introduction of rotavirus vaccines.
The dissemination of quality principles in NHs using specific training programmes, the implementation of monitoring systems, and the introduction of specific tools (i.e., the aims of the overall project in which the present study is included) are an answer to both the health needs of elderly residents in long-term care and the need for the most appropriate allocation of the available resources.
Such committees could function in a similar way to institutional review boards established to review research, setting out conditions for informed consent (which might include mandatory third party provision of information) and monitoring the introduction of innovations by collecting data on outcomes.
During Ramadan last year, the ICA's Facebook page hosted eight videos from Jibril over two weeks – now removed as part of a concerted response by the university, which promotes itself as secularist and progressive – that show increased monitoring and the introduction of student guidance sessions.
To monitor the impact of the introduction of PCV13 on this ecological niche, 2 periods were defined: pre-PCV13 (2006–2009) and post-PCV13 (2010–2013).
After the start of vaccination in the mid-1970'someome Italian regions saw a decrease in notifications, but others, strangely, an increase (perhaps occasioned by a heightened awareness of the need for monitoring cases following the introduction of vaccination); yet others showed a decrease followed by increase.
While the LC-CUSUM has been used here to assess the performance of a single individual, it may prove useful for monitoring the introduction of a new procedure in any setting where feedback is available and corrective actions can be implemented, or in monitoring new trainees, who have the advantage of being trained by an experienced DIE sonographer.
Reinforced surveillance systems aimed at monitoring the introduction of CHIKV have been implemented in 6 departments in southeastern France, including the Var department, where Ae. albopictus has spread since its introduction in 2004, presumably from northern Italy (4 ).
