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We excluded trials evaluating procedures that require imaging assistance and the monitoring of anaesthesia monitoring capabilities (for example, epidural, extradural, and intradiscal injections) or that require an extended period of time to be administered with monitoring of the patient's vital signs (for example, intravenous infusion).
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A novel monitoring system (integrated monitor of anaesthesia, IMA™) which integrates three components of general anaesthesia on one single display was developed.
Bispectral index (BIS) is a monitoring modality designed and used for monitoring depth of anaesthesia.
To assess a method for monitoring depth of anaesthesia using components of middle latency auditory evoked potential (AEP) waveforms during anaesthesia with fentanyl/fluanisone and midazolam.
The hierarchical control architecture includes five parts, which are: monitoring depth of anaesthesia (DOA), drug controller, deciding the sensitivity of the patient, narcotic supplementation and recovery time.
It is unclear whether a BIS is effective for monitoring depth of anaesthesia during PDT, and further studies are needed to clarify this.
In today's clinical practice, routine monitoring of general anaesthesia is based mainly on cardiovascular parameters and motor responses.
We routinely monitored depth of anaesthesia based on palpebral and pinch-withdrawal reflexes, and through continuous monitoring of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG) from the forearm muscles.
It has been shown that the bispectrum of the EEG correlates with changes in consciousness level and the bispectral index (BIS) [5, 6] derived from EEG bispectral parameters was developed as a clinical tool to monitor depth of anaesthesia during surgery.
There are several technologies for monitoring sedation status based on electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis, but these were developed primarily for monitoring the depth of anaesthesia and their validity for use in ICU patients is uncertain [ 16].
As recently suggested by us [2], [3] and others [4], RQA of EEG recordings appears to be a highly promising tool for monitoring the depth of anaesthesia.
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