Expression levels of several Yap1/p73 and Yap1/TEAD1 target genes were monitored by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Expression of EC specification and marker genes was monitored by quantitative PCR, western, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry.
Compositional and chemical state alterations, the valence state of the metals, the chemical states of the built-in nitrogen, were monitored by quantitative XPS analysis, performed in situ, without exposing the modified surface to the environment.
Many aspects of the process, such as the impact of Si dissolving from diatoms, are both insufficiently known and difficult to monitor by quantitative analyses due to the ubiquitousness of Si in sediment.
Animals' plasma virus concentrations were monitored by quantitative PCR as previously described [61], [62].
Their expression was monitored by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and this confirmed the CATMA data (Fig. 6C).
The activation of signaling proteins was monitored by quantitative immunoblotting using phosphospecific primary antibodies followed by secondary antibodies labeled with infrared fluorophores.
To test the efficiency of pInv-H1, 293T cells were transfected with pInv-H1 targeting a specific gene and the mRNA levels of the target gene were monitored by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR).
To confirm the involvement of NOF1 in rRNA biogenesis, the levels of pre-rRNA and mature 18S, 5.8S, and 25S rRNAs were monitored by quantitative RT-PCR (Figure 7).
To test if the DosR regulon might be expressed in vivo in the absence of dosR by an alternate regulatory pathway, expression of two sentinel genes from the DosR regulon in wild-type and mutant-infected mice were monitored by quantitative real-time PCR over the course of infection (Fig 2b).
