Radical oxygen species sensitivity was monitored by adding sodium pyruvate to TSA plates, 250 µl of 1 mole l−1 prior to bacterial plating.
Infection I was also monitored by adding 25 µM acyclovir and the supernatant from infection I were also used for infection II to determine if virus produced was due to replication during lytic replication during lytic infection in Infection I and not due to virus passed on from the initial infection.
The pH value was computer monitored by adding HCl (1 M) or NaHCO3 (1 M), respectively.
Transfection efficiency for the experiments shown in Fig 4B was monitored by adding the pRL Renilla expression vector (Promega) to the transfection mix.
Transfection efficiency for the experiments was monitored by adding a Renilla expression vector to the transfection mix (Fig 2B of Supporting Information).
The recovery (90%) of steroids through the extraction procedure was monitored by adding a trace amount of [H] cortisol (6,000– 8,000 cpm, 52 Ci/mmol).
The binding of RNAP to DNA was monitored by adding a fluorescent label (a Cy5 molecule) to the RNAP, and the nascent RNA was monitored with a fluorescent DNA probe that consists of a single strand of DNA attached to a fluorescent Cy3 molecule.
After washing the wells, the mixture was added to the wells and incubated for 1 h at RT. Bound scFvE2/p17 was monitored by adding 50 μl of HRP-conjugated monoclonal anti-HA tag antibody (Sigma) at dilution 1 1,000 in blocking buffer.
Exflagellation of male gametocytes was monitored by adding 10 μl tail blood from a high-gametocytaemia mouse into 10 μl ookinete medium (RPMI1640 containing 25 mM HEPES, 20% FCS, 100 μM xanthurenic acid [pH 7.4]) and observing exflagellation centers under a light microscope with a 40× objective.
Bob Ward, spokesman for the Grantham Institute for Climate Change in London, said tonight: "It is a measure of just how extreme this heatwave is that a national meteorological organisation is struggling to re-calibrate its monitoring methods by adding an extra four degrees to its scale.
