The suite of methods for mapping, monitoring and estimating parts of the forest C cycle is expanding rapidly, including field inventory, modelling and remote sensing.
Many agricultural studies rely on infrared sensors for remote measurement of surface temperatures for crop status monitoring and estimating sensible and latent heat fluxes.
Accurate monitoring and estimating the state of the distribution system poses an immense challenge to power engineering researchers because of bidirectional distribution system.
The main issue in the development of such a framework is that nodes need to be capable of monitoring and estimating the network conditions in their environment with as little overhead as possible.
It may be that monitoring and estimating prognosis estimates and feeding this information back within the team may be an important part of improving practice.
Each node monitors and estimates the instantaneous internode SNR to a non-blocked link.
The software uses agro-meteorological data to monitor and estimate crop and rangeland productions.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been used as a valuable tool to monitor and estimate ionospheric total electron contents (TECs) (Lanyi and Roth, 1988; Mannucci et al., 1993; Sardon et al., 1994; Davis and Hartmann, 1997; Hernandez-Pajares et al., 1999).
In this study, capnometry, a non-invasive tool that can measure ETCO2, was used in acutely breathless patients to monitor and estimate arterial PaCO2, another important index for evaluating ventilation.
In contrast, IrcMAC protocol fully exploits available relays and further resolves contention between relays under fading conditions as follows: (1) all the nodes passively monitor and estimate channel coherence time; (2) RTS and CTS messages are exchanged before relays can respond.
