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Acoustic receivers (VR2, VEMCO Ltd ,Nova Scotia) were deployed in the Campbell (8 km from release to estuary) and Seymour Rivers (20 km from release to estuary) to monitor smolt migration out to the ocean.
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Thus, matching the timing of the smolt migration with the zooplankton bloom may increase the population's overall survival.
River-caught ("wild"; n = 40) and hatchery-reared (n = 40) coho smolts from the Quinsam River (entering the Campbell River) were tagged during 2006 to monitor smolt post-release survival and migratory behaviour [18] (Table 1).
As a practical point, it would also require an additional 4 years after the end of the 2009 smolt migration before an analysis could be completed.
In this study we report specific results that suggest a freshwater problem during the coho smolt migration is also a contributing factor in the Thompson River system of British Columbia (BC; Fig. 1).
This leads to even later smolt migration timing and lower migration rates.
The survival rate over the second winter from August 2010 to the smolt migration in spring 2011 was estimated at 7.0%.
We consider the timing of five major life-history events: upriver migration, spawning, emergence from the gravel, smolt migration and ocean entry.
Moreover, within systems, small changes in spring temperatures drive interannual variation in the timing of smolt migration (e.g., fig. 12-4, Quinn 2005).
We identified other traits, such as emergence timing, smolt migration timing, and habitat choice, where phenotypic change might largely reflect plasticity.
However, if the source populations came from far upstream where smolt migration entailed a higher mortality risk, we expect a higher tendency toward residency (Satterthwaite et al. 2009).
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