Clinically, the detection of mtDNA mutations could be reliably used to compare differences in healthy and cancerous tissues, used to monitor mutations in high-risk, asymptomatic patients, or to monitor cancer patients for recurrence of the disease.
The proposed RT-PCR protocol and subsequent analysis pipeline for influenza viruses is widely applicable, e.g. to study vaccine composition, analyze virus evolution under selection pressure, monitor mutations associated with antiviral resistance, and assemble the reference genome of new viral isolates.
We monitored mutation in the immunoglobulin gene locus, which constitutively undergoes activation-induced deaminase-dependent hypermutation in the absence of exogenous DNA-damaging agents [31].
Monitoring mutations in blood samples taken over time provides a better opportunity than tissue samples for investigating gene mutations and tumorigenesis, as tissue samples are usually more difficult to obtain.
The trick is to monitor the mutation of meanings, wresting back democracy to encourage maximum participation in collective decision-making, wherever decisions are made.
In Figure 3A we monitor the mutation rate, < dM dt > averaged over time and cells.
Prior to addition of transforming DNA, an aliquot of the cell suspension was plated on THYE plates containing the same antibiotic to monitor spontaneous mutation.
On the other hand, if a trait can be conferred by a large number of different mutations or combinations of mutations, then it will be less effective to monitor specific mutations.
The first deals with a dynamic monitoring of mutation and crossover rates whereas the second involves a selection step based on sample "distance".
This case was the first among immigrants treated in our center, but, given the potential for considerable transmission rates of resistance in countries that lack virologic monitoring, this mutation could become a larger problem.
