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Samples were drawn regularly to monitor culture growth and for determination of steady-state.
Studies to date have linked occurrence of patient safety incidents with safety culture and hence tools to monitor culture within hospitals have been implemented.
The growth behavior of the Δ so2426 mutant in response to Cr VI) was examined using a Bioscreen C reader to monitor culture turbidity (OD600) at 30-min intervals under aerobic conditions over 72 h.
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Fig. 11 Monitoring culture parameter effect on cell shape changes reviled by online flow cytometry and optic microscopy.
Fig. 5 Monitoring culture parameter effect on lipid accumulation in Y. lipolytica JMY775 reviled by online flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy analyses.
Cytotoxicity was measured using the MTT assay and by monitoring culture impedance, while phalloidin staining of the actin cytoskeleton was performed to address structural integrity of the cells which was also investigated by propidium iodide intake.
Both techniques were specifically adapted for use on native state bioleaching samples, with a view to establishing convenient means for monitoring culture composition.
Based on the data in Figures 1a and 1b, we observed that the fluorescence signal tracked the rate of change of the optical density (OD), leading us to hypothesize that fluorescence is proportional to the instantaneous rate of change in cell culture mass, dX/dt (measured by monitoring culture turbidity with time) of the culture.
This review discusses the current state-of-the-art in biosensors for monitoring cultures during biological manufacturing and the future challenges for the field.
We have also attempted to overcome the problems of monitoring cultures grown in complex media by online measurement of metabolic activity like OUR, CER, etc. Secondly we have looked at the variability in cellular stress responses as a function of the nature of the expressed protein.
In 1998, Patriarca et al. [ 13] evaluated 15 clinical case definitions for pertussis during community outbreaks and concluded that a definition of ≥14 days of cough was both sensitive (77%–91%) and specific (54%–71%) for monitoring culture-positive cases.
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