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Table 5 and Figure 3 provide a summary of predicted premature mortality and monetized estimates of social cost based on all four different concentration-response functions.
Monetized estimates of premature mortality are based on regulatory estimates of the value of mortality risk as defined by the U.S. EPA [ 45].
The National Research Council committee, convened for this purpose and chaired by Jared Cohon and vice-chaired by Maureen Cropper, produced the report Hidden Costs of Energy, which provides quantitative, qualitative, and in some cases monetized estimates of these external damages from the use of energy for electricity, transportation, heat, and infrastructure and security.
In addition to premature mortality, which dominates monetized estimates of total social cost, exposures to SOA from aromatics in gasoline are associated with other health outcomes, including exacerbation of asthma, upper respiratory symptoms, lost work days, and hospital emergency room visits.
Figure 3 presents the economic costs from time and fuel wasted and monetized estimates of premature mortality attributable to traffic congestion across the 83 urban areas.
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When discounting is included, the U.S. EPA assumptions decreased the monetized estimate of global impacts by 88% and the impact of U.S. power plants by 98%.
When discounting is included, the U.S. EPA assumptions decrease Trasande's monetized estimate of global impacts by 88% and the impact of U.S. power plants by 98%.
Financial costs are a monetized estimate value of health-services cost (31 ) and do not satisfy the definition of opportunity cost.
Trasande et al. choose to emphasize the results of their logarithmic model, which produces their highest estimates of monetized impacts.
The analysis included estimates of monetized benefits from PM reductions that also occurred as a result of the rule but did not monetize reductions in toxics risk.
Although there are few empirical estimates of the additionality of monetized food aid, the extent of additionality is likely to be less than for targeted food aid and will depend upon how it is delivered.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com