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This would make the bank more accountable to parliament, while not reducing its independence in monetary operations.
In these standard monetary operations the 19 central banks share the risk of any losses, in proportion to the size of their economies and populations.
Mr. Trichet added the purchases would be "sterilized," a reference to offsetting monetary operations that would minimize their impact on the money supply.
This resulted because there was no deposit insurance, so bank deposits literally disappeared when banks failed, and because the Fed refused to offset the resulting fall in the money supply through open-market monetary operations.
Until 1990, internal monetary operations were conducted in inconvertible local currency, while external operations were conducted either in foreign currency, especially U.S. dollars, or, for the Soviet bloc, in special units of account such as convertible rubles.
If government-bond purchases are monetary operations, as the ECB claims, the ESM is overreaching; if they are fiscal operations, it is the ECB that has crossed the line.
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Carl B. Weinberg, chief economist at the consulting firm High Frequency Economics and a professed bear on the European outlook, said he was stunned by the size of the monetary operation, saying it suggested that Europe's central bank had "shown a path toward averting catastrophic collapse in Europe".
Designed the way it is, OMT is not a monetary operation at all it is a fiscal one.
Perhaps more important, that market is critical to the functioning of the nation's banking system and to the monetary policy operations of the Federal Reserve.
And because the Treasury market is already shrinking, the Fed is looking for alternative securities it can use so its monetary policy operations will not be disruptive.
But as the supply of Treasuries shrinks, using them for monetary policy operations could limit the Fed's freedom to act and could create distortions in financial markets.
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