Of course, the old system wasn't perfect – VIPs rarely had difficulties getting reservations – so there's some truth to the emancipatory, democracy-extolling rhetoric espoused by the creators of such apps: they do move us from hierarchies partially based on non-monetary forms of power (fame, connections, reputation) to those that are grounded in money alone.
Non-monetary forms of compensation (or fringe benefits), such as health insurance, can hold substantial value for employees.
These findings suggest that leaving school in an economic downturn persistently reduces male, but not female, workers' ability to access non-monetary forms of compensation beyond health insurance.
Moreover, investigating the impact of leaving school in a downturn on other non-monetary forms of compensation may provide a broader picture of the full consequences.
I document here that leaving school in an economic downturn also persistently reduces the probability of access to non-monetary forms of compensation as measured by employer-sponsored health and life insurance.
In summary, this study provides new evidence on the persistent effects of leaving school in an economic downturn on non-monetary forms of compensation as measured by health and life insurance.
To the best of my knowledge, no study has examined whether leaving school in an economic downturn influences the probability that an employee has access to non-monetary forms of compensation such as employer-sponsored health.
Thus, a compensating differentials story suggests that a firm will trade off wages and non-monetary forms of compensation it offers to employees (Buchmueller et al. 2013; Currie and Madrian 1999; Gruber 1994).
Moreover, I show here that the penalty applies to a range of non-monetary forms of compensation (e.g., life insurance) which the ACA does not address and if workers who are unable to access employer-sponsored health insurance are more likely to take up public insurance this will have implications for public healthcare expenditures.
Rather than simply improving outcomes in the short run, developing effective policies to assist cohorts of workers entering the labor market in an economic downturn may have important and persistent benefits in terms of wages and other non-monetary forms of compensation (e.g., health insurance).
First, familial support, including monetary and non-monetary forms of support, emerged as an important motivator for CHWs like Salum and Rehema.
