MCDA has gained credibility in the field of integrated water resources management because of its ability to overcome human limits to intuitively combine different sources of information in a rational way without requiring the estimation of monetary values (Giupponi and Sgobbi 2013).
This is a conservative estimation, as monetary value is not assigned for the loss time of unemployed parents.
The estimation of such monetary values has been challenging economists for the last decades because of the complexity of considering landscape components in economic models.
The estimation of the monetary value of time (VOT) is different in the proposed models; specifically, in the RP model the VOT is equal to 3.78 €/h, indicating that the user is willing to pay this fee in order to save one hour of time, while VOT is much lower in the SP and RP/SP models, assuming a value equal to 0.94 €/h and 0.67 €/h, respectively.
For NMB, we repeated the estimation of net monetary benefit with two different amounts for how much a gained QALY can cost.
Besides cost savings in monetary terms, we also provide estimations for gains in terms of possible number of new patients who could be treated additionally if the savings were reinvested in additional biosimilar infliximab treatment.
Indeed, expressing global warming in monetary terms requires providing a consistent estimation of the effects of higher temperatures within the well-known uncertainty of linking CO2 and environmental damage.
Second, the definition of dietary costs used in this study should be viewed as an estimation of the intrinsic monetary value of diet, and not a measure of food expenditure.
The estimations also show that monetary authorities in advanced economies stopped reacting to the output gap after the crisis, probably due to the zero lower bound on interest rates, switching to unconventional monetary policy measures.
A more accurate estimation of medical costs should include indirect monetary and non-monetary costs such as increased time off from work or school, psychological stress, and reduced performance by offspring in school [ 3].
