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The port traffic, location, operation, and liner-related categories obtained significantly lower mean scores than did the monetary category, emphasizing the high significance of the monetary category.
However, for the relay case, only the liner-related category has a significantly lower mean score than the monetary category.
For both networks, the mean scores of the time category are slightly higher than those for the monetary category, even though the differences are not statistically significant.
Although some of these criteria are interrelated with some criteria in the monetary category (e.g., deviation time with deviation cost), the levels of significance given by shipping lines for time criteria could differ from those given for monetary cost criteria.
This result implies that shipping lines are not significantly prioritizing the monetary category, possibly due to the lower cost in the relay case given the absence of the feeder segment.
This study focuses on evaluating the significance of all the individual criteria and understanding how hub port performance relates to the criteria mentioned within all of the categories except the monetary category.
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According to the interviews, shipping lines consider the time and monetary categories to be more significant since these factors are generally out of shipping lines' control, whereas many liner-related criteria can be controlled by shipping line strategies.
Table 8 Comparisons of the Significance of Categories between Hub and Spoke and Relay Category Monetary Time Port Traffic Location Operation Liner-related Hub and Spoke 4.54 4.67 3.87 4.13 4.00 3.44 Relay 4.31 4.40 3.79 4.12 3.90 3.31 t-stat 0.847 1.923* 0.674 0.102 1.227 0.875 Note: *represents significance at the 5% level.
Category 1: Monetary and other costs (What are the costs involved?) The cost of procuring foods included the direct cost in terms of the market price of the actual commodity and its transportation; and indirect costs in terms of time and effort spent on the exercise.
Additionally, we have conducted some interventions to explore the daily monetary valuations of four categories of mobile personal data (phone communications, app usage, location data and media usage) [35] and the location-sharing preferences of the participants [36].
Individually, American citizens consistently top the Charities Aid Foundation's World Giving Index in the three categories of monetary donations, helping strangers and volunteering time.
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