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Integrins including alpha-4 integrin (VLA-4) are so called bi-directional signalling molecules that connect to the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signalling pathways [10].
Glutamate is one of the key molecules that connect the amino acid metabolic pathways to the carbohydrate and lipid biosynthetic pathways [ 28].
Metabolism also influences the circadian clock of plants (Dodd et al, 2005; Covington et al, 2008; Ni et al, 2009; Farré and Weise, 2012), but the nature of the signalling molecules that connect metabolism and oscillator is not known.
Functional data need to be integrated into our interpretation to identify the key molecules that connect the network and define the boundaries of different phenotypes of the system [ 40].
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Studies have shown that it activates the downstream molecule CARD9, which is the necessary signaling molecule that connect the coupling receptor and NF-κB pathway [ 33].
The serine/threonine kinase mTOR is a central signalling molecule that connects the activity of a cell to environmental requirements by transducing the extracellular signal into a change in protein translation.
Sequencing starts at the last letter of the molecule that connects to the DNA (the linker), which is known, thus enabling the translation of the whole read from color space into letter space.
Hence, BAFF can be considered as a molecule that connects innate and specific immunity through its response to IFN- γ and IFN- β and its subsequent activation of B-cells.
Created by chemistry set maker Thames & Kosmos along with Pittsburgh-based Schell Games, Happy Atoms teaches kids about building molecules using magnetic atoms that connect in "happy" ways.
A more detailed analysis of the data is achieved by systematically mining the network for SAR pathways, i.e. sequences of pairwise similar compounds that connect two molecules via a gradually increasing potency gradient.
One reason that might lead to problems is the location of normal huntingtin protein: It clusters around the internal network that transports vesicles filled with essential molecules down axons, the long extensions that connect neurons.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com