Other researchers, like those at Hewlett-Packard, have designed custom molecules that act as on-off switches.
Among other things, the firms are looking at rhodopsins, the protein molecules that act as light-detecting pigments in a range of organisms from bacteria to people.
Enzymes are large protein molecules that act as biological catalysts, accelerating chemical reactions without being consumed to any appreciable extent themselves.
In the emerging field of molecular electronics, researchers have already constructed the tiniest of components -- molecules that act as switches -- and they are now starting to tackle the harder problem: how to wire the tiny switches together into useful devices.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that act as sequence specificity guides to direct post-transcriptional gene silencing.
Living cells respond to their environment using networks of signaling molecules that act as sensors, information processors, and actuators.
Polysaccharide-based ion gels were prepared by mixing biosourced guar gums with imidazolium ionic liquid (IL) molecules that act as crosslinking agents.
Small molecules that act on multiple biological targets have been proposed to combat the drug resistance commonly observed for cancer chemotherapy.
Antisense oligonucleotides, peptides and small molecules that act as RNA recognition agents increase the strength of substrate binding, but not necessarily the catalytic rate constant.
For this reason, this article will briefly address a number of molecules that act directly during the processes of adaptation to physical exercise including hormones, myokines, and chemical molecules such as ROS.
Biotic elicitors such as MJ are considered signal molecules that act as key compounds of the signal transduction pathway involved in the induction of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which takes part in plant defense reactions (Almagro et al. 2009).
