Sentence examples for molecules since the from inspiring English sources

This increase cannot be caused by the increase in the frequency of collisions between colliding molecules, since the frequency does not increase sufficiently with a rise in temperature.

However, these models are probably only suitable for transport studies of small molecules since the chosen scaffolds/membranes likely constitute a major barrier to the free translocation of larger compounds or NPs.

In this chapter, advances in the study of reactivity of pyrroles and their benzo derivatives (indoles and, to a lesser extent, more condensed molecules) since the mid-1990s are summarized and discussed.

We also include a brief survey of available calibration standards for converting the fluorescence measurements into a number of molecules, since the availability of such a standard usually determines the design of the signal measurement technique as well as the accuracy of final measurements.

The broad absorption peak at around 3430 cm−1 is caused by the absorbed water molecules since the nano crystalline material exhibits a high surface to volume ratio and thus absorbs more amount of moisture.

Normalization may be important when comparing spectrophores of charged and neutral molecules, since the presence of a formal charge in the molecule will lead to a shift in the spectrophore values of the atomic charge and electrophilic properties: the lipophilicity and shape deviation spectrophore points are not influenced by the presence or absence of a formal charge.

One of the simplest, and most widely used, techniques is similarity searching, in which a known bioactive reference structure is searched against a database to identify the nearest-neighbour molecules, since these are the most likely to exhibit the bioactivity of interest [5 9].

Thus in molecular sciences, the basic object naturally maps to the molecule, since this is the smallest object for which a dataset can be normally be generated and which can usefully be described by its own metadata.

Importantly, although Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ also interacts with the polyhistidine molecule, since the event residence times and/or blockage amplitudes for these metal chelates are significantly different from those of copper chelates, these metal ions do not interfere with Cu2+ detection.

Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) is not the key molecule since the intracellular pathways activated by the migrainogenic substances CGRP and PACAP-38 are not dependent of NO in the cranial vessels [20].

In general, contrast agents consist of a paramagnetic metal center, typically gadolinium (III), which must be chelated with an appropriate ligand molecule, since the free metal ions are toxic at quantity required for diagnosis [5, 6].