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The most common form of chemical signaling is via molecules secreted from the cells and moving through the extracellular space.
The zone immediately surrounding the roots of a plant that is enriched in molecules secreted from the root into the soil, providing a key interface for the ecological relationships and chemical exchanges between plants and soil microorganisms.
However, little effort has been focused on creating immuno-isolating materials capable of retarding the transport of small antigenic molecules secreted from the cells delivered with the synthetic carriers.
Third, we analyzed an intermediate phenotype, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) expression in response to soluble Mtb ligands enriched with molecules secreted from Mtb (culture filtrate).
Because molecules secreted from these organelles function at the host/parasite interface, their identification is important for understanding invasion mechanisms, and central to the development of therapeutic strategies.
In prior studies, we determined that the bacterial molecules secreted from A. baumannii were directly responsible for host cell death [12].
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We also identified an ortholog of vertebrate FGF8, a signaling molecule secreted from pharyngeal endoderm required for pharyngeal chondrogenesis in vertebrates.
Resistin, named for resistance to insulin, is a unique signaling molecule secreted from adipocytes.
Further, resistin, a signaling molecule secreted from adipocytes and monocytes, is known to be involved in inflammatory processes [ 13], and has recently been reported to be associated with hepatic fibrosis [ 14, 15].
Biochemical and molecular genetic studies show that the LePRKs interact with molecules secreted either from female tissues or from pollen (Tang et al. 2002, 2004).
One possibility is that the sensing is contingent on the diffusion-dependent local concentration of molecules secreted to or depleted from the medium.
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