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A typical enzyme molecule can convert 1,000 substrate molecules per second.
Only 40 molecules per second need impact on the antennae to produce a marked response.
An enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of more than 1,000 other molecules per second.
Microtubules grow from their free end at about 1 micron per minute by continually adding more tubulin (around 20 tubulin molecules per second).
Plasma cells are the major producers of antibodies during and after infections, and each plasma cell produces some thousands of antibody molecules per second.
Second, it operates much more slowly than do most channels, moving only 1,000 molecules per second while a channel moves 1,000,000 ions.
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We downloaded the translation rate (number of proteins molecules per seconds) of yeast proteins from the data set of Arava et al. (2003).
At pM concentrations, we observe ~1 molecule per second in the focal volume.
The values of the rate constants (in cm3 per molecule per second) at 278 K for oxidation of α-pinene are and kAP + OH· = 5.84 × 10−11, from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC 62 (the α-pinene + O3 rate constant is updated on the IUPAC website at http://iupac.pole-ether.fr/htdocs/datasheets/pdf/Ox_VOC8_O3_apinene.pdf).pdf
The IUPAC62 reaction rate constants (in cm3 per molecule per second) for oxidation of α-pinene by ozone and hydroxyl radicals are, respectively: where T (in K) is the temperature (the α-pinene+O3 rate constant is updated on the IUPAC website at http://iupac.pole-ether.fr/htdocs/datasheets/pdf/Ox_VOC8_O3_apinene.pdf).pdf
Molecular brightness, defined as the average number of photons per molecule per second, is an inherent property of the fluorescence molecule that is not related to concentration and could provide a "brightness signature" to separate different species [21].
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