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They interact with signaling molecules outside of cells and trigger responses within cells.
Since the calculated internal spectrum of the emission matches the emitter photoluminescence spectrum well, diffusion of the emitter molecules outside of the emission layer is hypothesized.
The CO2 gas within the GO layers is well maintained by the transformation of excess water molecules outside of interlayer to solid ice at low temperature (around −30 °C).
The values of R2, Q2, s, R2pred and r2m explained that selected models are robust in nature and efficient enough to predict the inhibitory activity of the molecules outside of the training set.
Most published studies prepared the SERS substrate and then used it as a sensor for detecting molecules outside of cells.
However in all the structures studied, close contacts less than the sum of the vdW radii from constituent dimers of the SC to neighboring molecules outside of the SC are observed suggesting that SC A11 arises purely as a result of simple close-packing considerations in these structures.
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At the scale of bacteria, gravity is irrelevant, viscosity is the dominant external force (in the typically aqueous environments), and diffusion of molecules, outside as well as inside cells, imposes limits on size.
Thermal analysis gave an information about the presence of six uncoordinated water molecules outside sphere of chelation.
As applications for pure buckyballs fell away, chemists developed techniques for adding branches of other molecules to the outside of the buckyballs and for encapsulating atoms within buckyballs.
This type of work has identified classes of molecules on the outside of cells (receptors and ion channels) that receive signals from other cells and initiate cellular events that have short-term effects on the neurons.
Another player in the nanoparticle-delivery space, BIND Biosciences, adds a layer of specificity to its delivery by affixing targeting molecules to the outside of its nanoparticles (see "Fine-tuning Nanotech to Target Cancer").
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com