Sentence examples for molecules of camp from inspiring English sources

After binding 4 molecules of cAMP, the two catalytic subunits (PKAc) dissociate from the regulatory subunit dimer (PKAr) and become active [26], [27].

PKA is activated when four molecules of cAMP bind to the R subunit dimer, two to each R subunit, releasing two free active C subunits responsible for phosphorylation of key substrates [17].

Upon activation, four molecules of cAMP bind to the PKAR subunits resulting in the release of PKAC, which phosphorylates down-stream targets.

The complex is activated when two molecules of cAMP bind to each R subunit, causing their dissociation from the catalytic subunits.

Thus, the submembrane cAMP microdomain is calculated from a simulation in which the Epac-based H30 (which binds a single molecule of cAMP) is included as a submembrane-anchored protein (analogous to measuring submembrane cAMP from cell cultures in which the membrane-bound H30 is expressed).

The underlying assumption is that cAMP binds to PKA in a non-cooperative manner, i.e. the binding of a molecule of cAMP to PKA does not affect the binding/dissociation of further cAMP molecules.

The more traditional view of allostery has been questioned further with observations that allostery can result purely from dynamical changes: Popovych et al. [ 92] recently showed that the binding of one molecule of cAMP to the catabolic activator protein changed the dynamics of the protein but not the average structure, strongly influencing the affinity of a second molecule of cAMP.

Some of these molecules e.g., cAMP, Ca2+, have key roles in axonal growth of developing or regenerating neurons (e.g., [226]).

Adenosine binds to cells through specific A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 G-protein-associated cell surface receptors, thus acting as a signal transduction molecule by regulating the levels of cAMP and the downstream effector protein kinase A (Stiles, 1990; Linden, 1991).

The extensive use of cAMP as signaling molecule requires a tight control of its synthesis and degradation (reviewed by [11], [28]).

Phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation of proteins and peptides, and the formation and breakdown of cyclic phosphate molecules, e.g., cAMP and cGMP, are pivotal for most endogenous signaling processes [ 40].