Links between the environmental conditions, including biological molecules and mechanical factors, and interactions between the biological system and the metal oxide surface are described.
The advantage of our process is to allow a perfect control of the apatitic phase and to open perspectives such as including biological molecules of pharmaceutical interest during the surface treatment.
provides attachment sites to various biological molecules including protein, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA) etc.
Due to its convenience and ultra-sensitive analysis, SERS has been recognized as an ideal approach to detecting biological molecules, including DNA, RNA and cancer cells [2].
Transcriptional and translational regulation of gene expression comprises the cascade of interactions between different biological molecules, including DNA, proteins, mRNAs and miRNAs[49 51].
Several techniques have been developed for measuring interaction forces between biological molecules including surface forces apparatus (SFA), optical or magnetic tweezers and atomic force microscopy (AFM) [4 7].
First, all α-particles emitted by radionuclides, irrespective of their source, produce the same pattern of secondary ionizations and the same pattern of localized damage to biological molecules, including DNA.
Recently, carbon nanotubes have been shown to traverse cellular membranes by endocytosis and shuttle biological molecules, including DNA, siRNA, and proteins, into immortalized cancer cells [3, 16 19, 21, 32 35, 38].
(5) Proteins were assumed to be responsible for the synthesis of all biological molecules, including other proteins.
