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Small intracellular signalling molecules generated in large numbers in response to the primary message of a hormone or neurotransmitter.
All the species in the biosynthesis medium are organic molecules generated in metabolism induced by sucrose-only medium.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide ion (O2 −), hydroxyl ion (OH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are highly reactive and toxic molecules generated in cells under normal metabolic activities.
First, the binding of the antibody and complement molecules marks the microbe for ingestion by phagocytes in a process called opsonization; these phagocytes are attracted by certain complement molecules generated in the complement cascade.
Active ALDHs represent an important mechanism for detoxification of reactive aldehyde molecules generated in various developmental growth processes and under environmental stress conditions [5].
This indicates that part of the glucose-induced activation may be due to one or more stimulatory small molecules generated in the glucose metabolism.
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The ClpA molecule generated in this way lacks the N-domain and the associated linker but is impaired only slightly in the processing of substrates that are degraded independently of ClpS.
The distribution of SAscore values calculated for molecules generated by eSynth in the cross-validation test is shown in Fig. 11.
There is a whole constellation of molecules generated during fermentation in a whiskey, for instance, whose presence may have something to do with how you feel after consuming too much of it.
Lipases and esterases secreted by frankial strains could depolymerize components of plant cell walls, or could modify lipid-based signaling molecules generated by plants in response to stress or pathogen attack [ 31].
Free radicals are highly reactive molecules generated during oxidation reactions which in turn initiate chain reactions resulting to cellular damage.
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