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The study of five model molecules, equivalent to the nuclei and branches of the dendrimer, allowed the assignment of the different oxidation processes.
Based on literature review, they showed that the combination of molecules (equivalent to the pyramiding) outcompeted the other strategies (sequential use, mixing or alternating) in delaying the emergence of resistance to drugs and pesticides.
It showed that all the strategies can succeed in delaying the evolution of pathogen populations towards resistance to the pesticides or drugs, depending on the genetics of drugs resistances, but the combination of molecules (equivalent to the pyramiding strategy) outcompetes the other strategies.
Taken with the observation of water molecules equivalent to A and B in the crystal structure of Ago1 in the absence of target RNA (Nakanishi, et al., Cell Reports 2013; PDB ID 4KXT), it appears that Ago organizes t1-binding pocket water molecules, at least to some extent, prior to t1-A binding.
Let e p denote the number of ATP molecules equivalent to one molecule of metabolite p. The cost of the amino acid a can then be formulated as: (5) The values of e p for different precursor metabolites were set, according to (Zerihun et al., 1998), as: e glucose = 36, e NO 3 = 12 and e NH 3 = 1.33.
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We also note that the mean distance from the center of free BCR molecules is approximately an order of magnitude greater than that of antigen molecules (for the parameter values of Fig. 3, all antigen molecules are bound to BCR at the end of the simulation, thus the mean distance from the center of the antigen molecules is equivalent to that of the BCR/Ag complexes).
A fragment or substructure of a molecule is equivalent to a fragment or subgraph of a graph.
The low coefficient of variation values obtained in this experiment indicate that accurate and specific quantification of hIL-5Rα splice variants is possible up to 5 molecules (equivalent PCR product), in presence of excess of the alternative splice form.
The detection range was ∼140 14,000 DNA molecules per sensor equivalent to ∼2 200 fmole/cm2.
After 10 s the cAMP level is set to 270900 molecules per cell (equivalent to 0.015 mM).
The miRNA mimic technology results in silenced target gene translation by introducing synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules with sequences equivalent to an endogenous miRNA, thus reinforcing the biological effect.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com