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The nanopores are formed by perforating the surface of the transmitter, and through these nanopores, the molecules emitted from the point source transude as shown in Fig. 3.
Moreover, we observed no incorporation of 13C into isoprene molecules emitted from the apex and younger leaves.
After feeding 13CO2 to leaves, no appreciable 13C signal appeared in isoprene molecules emitted from adjacent upper leaves.
Although we observed a slight increase of 13CO2 release from the upper younger leaves, no such 13C incorporation was found in isoprene molecules emitted from the same leaves.
Nevertheless, when CO2-free atmosphere was applied on day 3, isoprene molecules emitted from the formerly 13CO2-fumigated leaf became rapidly enriched in 13C, and after approximately 1 h also isoprene molecules emitted from the apex showed an increased incorporation of 13C (Fig. 6C and A, respectively).
In intact plants, fumigation of an individual leaf with 13CO2 resulted in a very rapid incorporation of 13C into isoprene molecules emitted from the same leaf already during the 13CO2 fumigation period and, to a lower extent, during the post-labeling period (Fig. 6C).
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This is done by choosing an appropriate threshold to distinguish the signal each molecule emits from the background [ 10, 11].
This precision was calculated for molecules emitting for at least four consecutive images.
It is usually unknown at which time with respect to the valve trigger pulse the molecules are emitted from the valve.
The type and number of molecules emitted vary as much as their sources.
In a transformed cell we can expect only 1 out of 10 to 1 out of 10 molecules emitting a single photon from the total pool in comparison to up to 10 photons emitted by a single fluorescent molecule (26).
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