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When this protein is created in large amounts, it forms cagelike structures of about 110 molecules each, with a diameter of about 80 nanometers (a nanometer is a billionth of a meter).
According to his theory, incoming light would hit some sort of sensory mechanism, which Schulten hadn't yet pinpointed, and induce a transfer of electrons, triggering the creation of a radical pair — two molecules, each with an extra electron.
The dimeric units, formed by head-to-head assemblies of CD molecules, each with its guest, are self-assembled in columns.
Given a system of atoms or molecules, each with different energy states, an atom or molecule may absorb a photon and move to a higher energy level, or the photon may stimulate emission of another photon of the same energy and cause a transition to a lower energy level.
As stated above, PEG-PVX was decorated with ~130 PEG molecules, each with a molecular weight of 5 kDa, whereas RGD-PEG was decorated with ~200 RGD molecules, each with a 400-Da intervening PEG spacer.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06074.019 The four PH-TH modules in the asymmetric unit have six bound IP6 molecules, each with clearly resolved electron density.
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In a Pharmacokinetic reaction a ligand may be bound to different types of macro-molecules, each with different number of binding sites.
However, because polyclonal antibodies consist of a heterogeneous mixture of antibodies, they may recognize various portions of the BoNT antigen molecule, each with different affinities.
We may quantify this as follows: From our study of the single avidin-bHA and avidin-bHA/Agg/LP layers, we estimated an area AHA ≈ 1.6 × 10 nm per HA molecule on the mica surface, a number nHAds ≈ 2.6 × 10 disaccharide units per HA molecule, each with a single hydrated charge, and nAgg ≈ 20 Agg molecules complexed to each surface-attached HA chain.
Tetramer or multimer reagents consist of four or more soluble MHC molecules each loaded with a single peptide bound to streptavidin and coupled to a fluorescent marker.
The asymmetric unit of each crystal contained two protein molecules, with each presenting nearly identical structures as assessed by a backbone root-mean-square deviation (rmsd) value of 0.36 Å.
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