To prime cytolytic CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells must first process cytosolic or exogenously-acquired antigens, load them onto newly synthesized MHC class I molecules, and transport the loaded MHC I molecules to the cell surface where they are available to stimulate CD8+ T cells.
In an instant, odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) located on the creature's antennae bind the molecules and transport them towards receptors located on the surfaces of the olfactory neurons.
For example, in the resting state, signal transduction molecules predominantly exist in the cytoplasm, and when cells receive particular stimuli, such signaling molecules are activated and transported into the nucleus.
Furthermore, the high specific surface area and special pore-wall structure of HSMM TiO2 are respectively beneficial to adsorption of dye molecules and transport of both electrons and electrolytes.
They are thought to solubilize hydrophobic odorant molecules and transport them through the hydrophilic environment in the hemolymph to the ORs on the cell surface.
These sensilla contain Odorant Binding Proteins (OBPs) and Chemosensory Proteins (CSPs, ), both of which can bind specific odorant molecules and transport it through the lymph fluid to the Olfactory Receptors (ORs), located on the Olfactory Receptor Neurons (ORNs).
Once in the circulation, liver secreted Tf will bind one or two ferric iron molecules and transport iron in the serum and extravascular spaces where it serves as a source of iron for cells and tissues that are perfused by the systemic circulation, including liver, heart, muscle, kidney, and bone marrow.
This protein could also bind up to three CFTR molecules and transport them to the cell surface or divert the three "tethered" proteins to the degradation pathway if one or two of the three CFTR polypeptides possessed the ΔF-CFTR mutation.
Following lysosomal degradation, the peptide epitopes are loaded onto recycling MHC class I molecules and are transported to the cell surface by the vacuolar pathway (Fig. 1A; pathway 2).
