Sentence examples for molecules activated by from inspiring English sources

It has to be noted that coordinated upregulation of multidrug transporters and CYP enzymes is well characterized, and a logical extension of the observations related to austocystin D is that additional small molecules activated by CYP 3A4 should demonstrate a similar activity profile toward multidrug-resistant cells.

One of the key signaling molecules activated by the PrlR is the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5) [ 8, 9].

Two types of innate immune receptors, pattern recognition receptors, and resistance proteins, play crucial roles in plant innate immunity; however, the molecules activated by the receptors and how immune responses are transmitted are not well understood.

It is well established that the two types of receptors (PRRs and R proteins) play crucial roles in plant innate immunity; however, the molecules activated by the receptors and how immune responses are transmitted remain largely unknown.

Potential cellular molecules activated by cAMP or Ca2+ include protein kinase A (PKA) for cAMP and protein kinase C (PKC) and CaMKII for Ca2+.

Since many of these are known targets of SRC, it is likely that SRC molecules activated by integrin receptor engagement, rather than SRC recruitment to CSF-1R, are responsible for these phosphorylation events.

Similarly, production of cystatin-SA is enhanced by nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), an intracellular signaling molecule activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 31].

By analogy with the active sites of aspartic peptidases, a mechanism employing nucleophillic attack by a water molecule activated by the general base functionality of Glu136 has been proposed.

AcG is an osmosensor molecule activated by high osmotic pressure of the extracellular media [22].

A water molecule activated by the neutral Arg180 subsequently attacks the ribocation to form the ribose product and resume the cationic Arg180 [10] [13].

Third, STAT3, which is a major downstream signaling molecule activated by IL-22, mediates the cytoprotective functions of IL-22 [ 3].