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In general, contrast agents consist of a paramagnetic metal center, typically gadolinium (III), which must be chelated with an appropriate ligand molecule, since the free metal ions are toxic at quantity required for diagnosis [5, 6].
Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) is not the key molecule since the intracellular pathways activated by the migrainogenic substances CGRP and PACAP-38 are not dependent of NO in the cranial vessels [20].
Importantly, although Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ also interacts with the polyhistidine molecule, since the event residence times and/or blockage amplitudes for these metal chelates are significantly different from those of copper chelates, these metal ions do not interfere with Cu2+ detection.
A global aromatic current is dominant above the B12F6 (B12H6) molecule since the NICS values are negative, NICS(1) = -5.5 ppm (-3.6 ppm) and NICS(2) = -4.8 ppm (-5.0 ppm), 1 and 2 Å above and below the center of the cluster.
The protective effect of NCX 4016 was in part due to the vasoactive action of nitric oxide (NO) released from the molecule, since the dose of ASA used had the equivalent ASA concentration as the NCX 4016 drug dose used.
The brightness of each molecule, since the localization precision scales as the square root of the number of detected photons [ 20].
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Thus in molecular sciences, the basic object naturally maps to the molecule, since this is the smallest object for which a dataset can be normally be generated and which can usefully be described by its own metadata.
The degree of deacetylation (DD) represents the rate of D-glucosamine units with respect to the total amount of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine that makes the chitosan molecule, since this unit is found in the amino group created from the elimination of the acetyl group.
In this chapter, advances in the study of reactivity of pyrroles and their benzo derivatives (indoles and, to a lesser extent, more condensed molecules) since the mid-1990s are summarized and discussed.
The broad absorption peak at around 3430 cm−1 is caused by the absorbed water molecules since the nano crystalline material exhibits a high surface to volume ratio and thus absorbs more amount of moisture.
We also include a brief survey of available calibration standards for converting the fluorescence measurements into a number of molecules, since the availability of such a standard usually determines the design of the signal measurement technique as well as the accuracy of final measurements.
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