Further, IONPs have a large surface area engineered with a number of functional groups capable of cross-linking to tumor-targeting ligands, such as antibodies, peptides, or small molecules, for diagnostic imaging or delivery of therapeutic agents [15, 16, 17].
The high expression in some tumors suggests that it may represent a potential target molecule for future diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Polymers can be used to carry multiple ligands for cancer targeting and imaging molecules for cancer diagnostics with a simple conjugation-based structural modification [ 101].
SWCNTs could be developed as non-viral vectors for diagnostic and therapeutic molecules into the brain and the CNS across the blood brain barrier since their conjugates with ssDNA do not affect the proliferation and growth of astrocytoma cells.
These observations suggest that the SWCNTs could be used as non-viral vectors for diagnostic and therapeutic molecules across the blood brain barrier to the brain and the central nervous system.
Gold nanoparticles were functionalized with chemically modified miRNA-21 inhibitor to suppress the function of miRNA-21 for the therapeutic breast cancer, at the same time, fluorophore-labeled DNA molecules were hybridized with antimiRNA-21 for diagnostic breast cancer.
In contrast, in-silico B-cell epitope prediction methodologies are a manageable alternative that allow for virtual cost-effective, genome-wide scans in the search for molecules with diagnostic, vaccinal, or immunomodulatory potential.
Dye molecules with various fluorescent wavelengths are widely used for diagnostic and optical imaging applications.
For diagnostic purposes, it is essential that the molecules exhibit IgE-reactivity comparable with that of the natural wild-type molecules, whereas T cell reactivity and immunogenic activity may be more important for allergen-specific immunotherapy.
The design of molecules able to target the amyloid pathology in tissue is receiving increasing attention, both for diagnostic and for therapeutic purposes.
