Sentence examples for molecule activated by from inspiring English sources
Similarly, production of cystatin-SA is enhanced by nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), an intracellular signaling molecule activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 31].
By analogy with the active sites of aspartic peptidases, a mechanism employing nucleophillic attack by a water molecule activated by the general base functionality of Glu136 has been proposed.
AcG is an osmosensor molecule activated by high osmotic pressure of the extracellular media [22].
A water molecule activated by the neutral Arg180 subsequently attacks the ribocation to form the ribose product and resume the cationic Arg180 [10] [13].
Third, STAT3, which is a major downstream signaling molecule activated by IL-22, mediates the cytoprotective functions of IL-22 [ 3].
A conserved water molecule activated by E195 was proposed to be the intermediate base for deprotonating the entering substrates, since it is closer to the di-copper center than the candidate residue E195 (Fig. 2l).
It has to be noted that coordinated upregulation of multidrug transporters and CYP enzymes is well characterized, and a logical extension of the observations related to austocystin D is that additional small molecules activated by CYP 3A4 should demonstrate a similar activity profile toward multidrug-resistant cells.
One of the key signaling molecules activated by the PrlR is the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5) [ 8, 9].
Two types of innate immune receptors, pattern recognition receptors, and resistance proteins, play crucial roles in plant innate immunity; however, the molecules activated by the receptors and how immune responses are transmitted are not well understood.
It is well established that the two types of receptors (PRRs and R proteins) play crucial roles in plant innate immunity; however, the molecules activated by the receptors and how immune responses are transmitted remain largely unknown.
Potential cellular molecules activated by cAMP or Ca2+ include protein kinase A (PKA) for cAMP and protein kinase C (PKC) and CaMKII for Ca2+.
