These two molecular signatures reflect in part the two cell types found in the terminal duct lobular unit of the breast.
Moreover, optimized adsorption positions for the red molecular type are found at φmax,red = −φmax,blue due to mirror symmetry of the substrate surface.
Molecular typing has found that more than half of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from the Russian Federation are the Beijing genotype, a pandemic lineage associated with MDR phenotype and characteristic drug-resistance mutations; prevalence of this genotype in Irkutsk is high (5, 6 ).
No correlation between serotype and molecular type has been found for C. neoformans var.
Isolates from the nares are normally indistinguishable by molecular typing from those found on other body sites [ 4].
In six instances (five RTRs, one HIV-infected patient), the patients harbored the same P. jirovecii molecular type as that found in the encountered PCP patients.
At the time of this original work, the molecular types VNI and VGI were found to be the most common genotypes worldwide.
Among strains with the VNI molecular type, 26 genotypes were found only in southern Africa, nine genotypes were found on the five major continents, including Africa, and three genotypes were detected in the global sample but not in Africa (Fig. 1).
We also found several important M. tb types such as the H type. Recent molecular studies found this type should be closely monitored because the 3R gene (DNA repair, recombination, and replication) reveal a high tendency to mutate, similar to the Beijing strains, even though the mechanism is not clear [ 9].
The genetic variation found between the major molecular types of C. neoformans var.
