State of the art methodologies including high throughput molecular technologies such as genomics and proteomics are frequently used to test and provide answers to novel research hypotheses.
Molecular technologies, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real time PCR and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), have enabled detection, identification and quantification of extremely low levels of aquatic pathogens, and microarray technologies offer a new dimension to multiplex screening for pathogens and host response.
This finding supported the suitability of the extracted DNA for molecular technologies, such as pyrosequencing, which employ short DNA fragments (Liu et al. 2007) but require clean and representative community DNA for in-depth analyses.
Complementary molecular technologies such as broad-range PCR, cloning and sequencing, or pyrosequencing may help overcome this limitation, though these approaches are not quantitative.
The development of novel molecular technologies such as cDNA microarrays has made it possible to identify genes involved in chemosensitivity.
As such, REBs have the potential to act as surrogates for cytogenetic data traditionally obtained using molecular technologies such as comparative genomic hybridization.
Recent advances in molecular technology such as spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing provide a powerful tool to analyze MTB genotype and transmission patterns, which should be valuable for development of effective infection-control policy.
Recent advances in molecular technology, such as comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and DNA microarrays, have increased the scope of PGS (Voullaire et al., 2000; Wells and Delhanty, 2000; Wilton et al., 2003; Hu et al., 2004; Le Caignec et al., 2006; Sher et al., 2007; Hellani et al., 2008; Handyside et al., 2009; Vanneste et al., 2009; Wells et al., 2008).
A particular field of molecular studies within biology is called "Omics" and refers to high-throughput molecular profiling technologies, such as genomics, metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and metabonomics.
Several molecular marker technologies such as, RFLP, RAPD, DAF, SSR, SSLP, AFLP, CAPS, SNP have been discovered for molecular mapping experiments [ 1- 6].
It is especially powerful when coupled with other comprehensive molecular analysis technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics (respectively, the study of an organism's entire set of genes, RNA molecules [or transcripts], and proteins).
