In many molecular systematics studies, EST projects are typically small [ 21, 27, 7].
DNA barcoding provides a definitive means of authentication and for conducting molecular systematics studies.
The results uncover an evolutionary scenario that differs, to some extent, from most previously published molecular systematics studies although it is in agreement with those who advocate that the position of M. leprae as a sister taxon to the MTBC.
Molecular systematics studies suggest that the A and D diploid species evolved separately for approximately 5 10 million years before being reunited in the same nucleus approximately 1 2 MYA [ 5].
The widespread use of ESTs in evolutionary studies and particularly in molecular systematics studies is still hindered by the lack of efficient and reliable approaches for automated ortholog predictions in ESTs.
Knowledge of species boundaries is a prerequisite for studying intraspecific population dynamics [ 33], and through several molecular systematics studies, the phylogenetic diversity of clinical fusaria has been elucidated [ 22- 24].
Other than the adoption of silica gel as a tissue dessicant (Chase and Hills, 1991), samples needed for plant molecular systematics studies are obtained essentially as they were at the beginning of the DNA era (Palmer and Zamir, 1982; Doyle et al., 1985).
The chloroplast sequence carries important information for plant molecular systematics to study the taxonomic classification of plants.
The increase in use of molecular systematics in studies of angiosperm evolution has resulted in numerous phylogenies describing relationships across a range of evolutionary history [ 1].
Recently, three main approaches have been suggested to identify species of Actinobacteria: chemotaxonomy (differentiation of species by chemical composition), numerical taxonomy (differentiation of species by phenotypic similarity number), and molecular systematics (use of DNA study to the species differentiation).
