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Maximum-likelihood analyses were conducted under the GTR molecular substitution model.
To calculate the fitness of each tentative solution, we used the matrix of genetic distances among samples, corrected with the best fit molecular substitution model (GTR+ Γ +I) [ 5, 18].
To do this we used an already published tree as starting point [ 12], and a matrix of genetic distances among samples, corrected with the best fit molecular substitution model, in the fitness computation.
For choosing the molecular substitution model we analysed the data using MrModelTest v2 [ 98], and based on the Akaike Information Criterion, the most parameter-rich model GTR+G+I was suggested.
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The molecular substitution models were evaluated with ModelTest [ 67] to select the preferred model among those that could be used in *BEAST, separately for each locus.
A previous study of Lagenorhynchus cyt b [ 12] suggests the evolution of this locus is clock-like; therefore dates of divergence were calculated under the assumption of a molecular clock with substitution model parameters predetermined by Modeltest.
3) In BEAST the molecular clock is relaxed by varying molecular rates of the substitution model among branches, for which reason the rates are dependent on the time scale of the tree.
The indepented rates and HKY85 were chosen as the molecular clock and nucleotide substitution model, respectively.
Dispersion (an indicator of spread) is assessed on the one-dimensional Euclidean distance between the raw pair-wise sequence distances and those corrected according to a Jukes-Cantor model of molecular substitution.
Under the molecular clock hypothesis, irrespective of the substitution model and whether or not the substitution rate varies with the site, the number of mutations inferred for the two ingroup branches should be similar.
The model assumed a strict molecular clock model and an HKY85 substitution model (H asegawa et al. 1985), which was selected after comparing Bayes factors with the more complex General Time Reversible model.
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